These transition metals have variable oxidation numbers, have high melting points, and are harder and denser than group 1 and 2 metals.
There is no significant change in atomic radii due to the repulsion between the 4s and 3d electrons.
However, Sc and Zn are not considered transition elements because they do not have a partially filled d subshell. They only have one possible oxidation state.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/56633626/13-2-First-Row-D-Block-Elements
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